Enforceable drinking water standards to protect communities from exposure to harmful substances have been set in the USA for the first time.

Exposure to PFAS - per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, also known as forever chemicals - has been linked to a wide range of health problems in adults and children, including cancers.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced legally enforceable standards for six PFAS compounds, which it says “will reduce PFAS exposure for approximately 100 million people, prevent thousands of deaths, and reduce tens of thousands of serious illnesses”.

The EPA also announced nearly US$1 billion in funding to help states implement PFAS testing and treatment at public water systems.

PFAS are a large group of substances used in manufacturing of a huge range of products, including cosmetics, dishwasher rinse aid, stain repellents and car polish. They are favoured for their durability, however, once they make their way into waterways, they are notoriously difficult to break down and can remain in the environment for many years.

EPA administrator Michael Regan said, “Drinking water contaminated with PFAS has plagued communities across this country for too long.

“Our PFAS Strategic Roadmap marshals the full breadth of EPA’s authority and resources to protect people from these harmful forever chemicals. I am proud to finalise this critical piece of our roadmap, and in doing so, save thousands of lives and help ensure our children grow up healthier.”

EPA says that from 6-10% of the 66,000 public drinking water systems subject to the rule may have to take action to meet new standards - but the PFAS limits are achievable using a range of available technologies and approaches.

Emily Donovan, co-founder of campaign group Clean Cape Fear, said, “No one should ever worry if their tap water will make them sick or give them cancer. I’m grateful the Biden EPA heard our pleas and kept its promise to the American people.

"We will keep fighting until all exposures to PFAS end and the chemical companies responsible for business-related human rights abuses are held fully accountable.”